Martin Luther: "not to delight in assertions is not the character of the Christian mind..."

Appropos to everything, this from the beginning of one of my brother David's favorites--Luther's Bondage of the Will. Here Luther is addressing the principal humanist of his generation, Erasmus of Rotterdam. As Luther makes clear throughout the course of this book, Erasmus was committed to tenuous debate and only a modicum of reform:

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First of all, I would just touch upon some of the heads of your Preface; in which, you somewhat disparage our cause and adorn your own. In the first place, I would notice your censuring in me, in all your former books, an obstinacy of assertion...

and saying, in this book, "that you are so far from delighting in assertions, that you would rather at once go over to the sentiments of the skeptics, if the inviolable authority of the Holy Scriptures, and the decrees of the church, would permit you: to which authorities you willingly submit yourself in all things, whether you follow what they prescribe, or follow it not." These are the principles that please you.

I consider, (as in courtesy bound,) that these things are asserted by you from a benevolent mind, as being a lover of peace. But if any one else had asserted them, I should, perhaps, have attacked him in my accustomed manner. But, however, I must not even allow you, though so very good in your intentions, to err in this opinion. For not to delight in assertions is not the character of the Christian mind: nay, he must delight in assertions, or he is not a Christian. But, (that we may not be mistaken in terms) by "assertion," I mean a constant adhering, affirming, confessing, defending, and invincibly persevering. Nor do I believe the term signifies any thing else, either among the Latins, or as it is used by us at this day. And moreover, I speak concerning the asserting of those things, which are delivered to us from above in the Holy Scriptures. "

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(TB, w/thanks to Eric)

 

Comments

It might be instructive to see a bit more of the context of the quote from Erasmus:

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So let us pursue the matter without recrimination, because this is more fitting for Christian men, and because in this way the truth, which is so often lost amid too much wrangling, may be more surely perceived.

To be sure, I know that I was not built for wrestling matches: there is surely nobody less practiced in this kind of thing than I, who have always had an inner temperamental horror of fighting, and who have always preferred to sport in the wider plains of the Muses rather than to brandish a sword in a hand-to-hand fight.

And, in fact, so far am I from delighting in “assertions” that I would readily take refuge in the opinion of the Skeptics, wherever this is allowed by the inviolable authority of the Holy Scriptures and by the decrees of the Church, to which I everywhere willingly submit my personal feelings, whether I grasp what it prescribes or not.

Moreover, I prefer this disposition of mine to that with which I see some people endowed who are so uncontrollably attached to their own opinion that they cannot bear anything which dissents from it; but they twist whatever they read in the Scriptures into an assertion of an opinion which they have embraced once for all. They are like young men who love a girl so immoderately that they imagine they see their beloved wherever they turn, or, a much better example, like two combatants who, in the heat of a quarrel, turn whatever is at hand into a missile, whether it be a jug or a dish. I ask you, what sort of sincere judgment can there be when people behave in this way? Who will learn anything fruitful from this sort of discussion -– beyond the fact that each leaves the encounter bespattered with the other’s filth? There will always be many such, whom the apostle Peter describes as “ignorant and unstable who twist the Scriptures to their own destruction.”

As far as I am concerned, I admit that many different views about free choice have been handed down from the ancients about which I have, as yet, no fixed conviction, except that I think there to be a certain power of free choice. For I have read the Assertion of Martin Luther, and read it without prejudice, except that I have assumed a certain favor toward him, as an investigator may toward an arraigned prisoner. And yet, although he expounds his case in all its aspects with great ingenuity and fervor of spirit, I must say, quite frankly, that he has not persuaded me.

If anybody ascribes this to my slowness or inexperience, I shall not quarrel with him, provided they allow us slower ones the privilege of learning by meeting those who have received the gift of God in fuller measure, especially since Luther attributes very little importance to scholarship, and most of all to the Spirit, who is wont to instill into the more humble what he denies to the wise. So much for those who shout so loudly that Luther has more learning in his little finger than Erasmus in his whole body, a view that I shall certainly not attempt to refute here. I simply ask from such, however ill-disposed they may be, that if I grant to Luther in this Disputation that he be not weighed down by the prejudgments of doctors, councils, universities, popes, and of the emperor, they will not damage my cause by mere snap judgments.

For even though I believe myself to have mastered Luther’s argument, yet I might well be mistaken, and for that reason I play the debater, not the judge; the inquirer, not the dogmatist: ready to learn from anyone if anything truer or more scholarly can be brought. Yet I would willingly persuade the man in the street that in this kind of discussion it is better not to enforce contentions which may the sooner harm Christian concord than advance true religion.

(Erasmus, De libero arbitrio diatribe sive collatio)

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This fuller quote of Erasmus reminds me of that truism my pastor likes to point out, that passive-aggressive authority, leadership, and debate are always tyrannical. I love how, in response, Luther doesn't let him get away with it and calls Erasmus' assertions, exactly what they are (and what Erasmus claims to hate) -- ASSERTIONS!

Setting Luther's phrase in the affirmative:

"to delight in assertions is the character of the Christian mind..."

What's the essence of this proposition?

The essence is to take joy in proclaiming the Gospel (as opposed to defending the Gospel reluctantly and with fear of offending the World).

>>It might be instructive to see a bit more of the context of the quote from Erasmus:

So says our resident adherent to Roman Catholic heresies, John Callahan.

>>So let us pursue the matter without recrimination, because this is more fitting for Christian men

Luther didn't get the memo. Neither did the Apostle Paul, Jesus, John the Baptist, or any of God's prophets.

In point of fact, though, Erasmus didn't get the memo either. He could simply have proceeded "without recrimination" without telling us he was proceeding "without recrimination" and going on to say those who engage in recrimination are inferior Christian men.

Why does Erasmus engage in recriminations against others, tearing them down for their technique and preening himself over his own? It seems so needlessly hurtful for Erasmus to argue in this way. So proud. Don't we all wish Erasmus had been around to teach Jesus a better way to engage the Pharisees than berating them with His woes? Think of what kind of gentleman Jesus might have become had Erasmus been there to teach Him ways of speaking "more fitting for Christian men."

>>To be sure, I know that I was not built for wrestling matches: there is surely nobody less practiced in this kind of thing than I, who have always had an inner temperamental horror of fighting, and who have always preferred to sport in the wider plains of the Muses rather than to brandish a sword in a hand-to-hand fight.

Oh yes, don't we all pity poor Erasmus with all the force of the Holy Roman Empire behind him having to cross swords with scary, big bad Martin Luther who, himself, has only Frederick the Elector of Saxony standing between him and execution?

There Erasmus is whining about how much he wishes he didn't have to argue--it's so ungentlemanly and rude and scary, even--and he's so timid and weak and fearful. Don't you pity him? All he has is the Pope and all his minions to defend him. Poor pitiable Erasmus.

The Whore of Babylon is selling salvation across Europe and poor Erasmus thinks it's a time for subtlety and nuance and pleading weakness and fear and timidity. And there's big bad Martin Luther being the schoolyard bully over insignificant things.

And the Whore of Babylon is selling salvation across Europe to pay Michelangelo's wages for painting the Sistine Chapel.

>>...I prefer this disposition of mine to that with which I see some people endowed who are so uncontrollably attached to their own opinion that they cannot bear anything which dissents from it; but they twist whatever they read in the Scriptures into an assertion of an opinion which they have embraced once for all.

He does such a fine job of showing us the excellencies of a Christian gentleman, doesn't he? See how he avoids recriminations!

His opponents--he'd prefer to call them interlocutors, actually, but they won't allow it--are "uncontrollably attached to their own opinions," Erasmus says. Is there any man alive who wouldn't see he'd been slapped in the face on a very personal level when he argued from the plain text of Scripture and his opponent responded by attacking and accusing and denouncing him as being in an out-of-control bondage to his own mere opinions--certainly not to any exterior authority, least of all the Word of God?

One wonders if Erasmus is capable of arguing without simply engaging in recrimination against his opponent? I mean really.

>>They are like young men who love a girl so immoderately that they imagine they see their beloved wherever they turn, or, a much better example, like two combatants who, in the heat of a quarrel, turn whatever is at hand into a missile, whether it be a jug or a dish. I ask you, what sort of sincere judgment can there be when people behave in this way?

Don't you just love how calm and objective and to the point Erasmus' arguments are, never stooping to ad hominem or recrimination?

Young men in love with girls--there's a dignified image showing Erasmus' deep respect for Luther and the Reformers.

Or failing that, how about the image of two combatants in the heat of a quarrel? Isn't that dignified? Doesn't it show Erasmus' equanimity in this debate--that he likens his opponents to men who have escalated their quarrel into physical combat?

>>Who will learn anything fruitful from this sort of discussion -– beyond the fact that each leaves the encounter bespattered with the other’s filth?

So here is Erasmus accusing Luther of running around splattering his opponents with his own... What. Poop? Excrement? Shit?

Isn't it wonderful to observe the great care the Holy Roman Empire's humanist uses in avoiding recriminations?

>>There will always be many such, whom the apostle Peter describes as “ignorant and unstable who twist the Scriptures to their own destruction.”

Wonderful, isn't it, that this particular recrimination could be cited from the mouth of the Apostle Peter? But of course, here the Apostle Peter wasn't talking about that one man standing alone and God help him, was he?

>>As far as I am concerned, I admit that many different views about free choice have been handed down from the ancients about which I have, as yet, no fixed conviction, except that I think there to be a certain power of free choice.

Yes, yes; effete intellectuals are always in process, aren't they? And they expect that simple pronouncment (of them being in process) to commend them to their readers as men of sound judgment.

Why? Well because of their great humility, don't you see? Only proud men allow themselves to arrive at assertions and conclusions. Take Jesus, for instance: "You have not chosen me, but I have chosen you." And, "no man may come to me unless the Father draws him." And so on and so on and so on throughout the Word of God. But here's humble Erasmus, in process on the matter, reserving judgment for a later date, meanwhile arguing and recriminating against that pathetic monk under the mighty Roman Empire's death sentence who is in such bondage to his own uncontrollable personal opinions that he's throwing his excrement on his opponents.

>>For I have read the Assertion of Martin Luther, and read it without prejudice, except that I have assumed a certain favor toward him, as an investigator may toward an arraigned prisoner.

Aha. The truth escapes him, doesn't it? He isn't, in fact, the weakling over in the corner of the playground being hammered by the big mean bully. Rather, he is the prosecutor with all the force of the Papacy behind him threatening death against its prisoner, Martin Luther.

Funny how this Erasmus goes so quickly from being a victim of a bully to the prosecutor listening to the captive. At one time pleading weakness suits him, but just a few words later institutional power suits him. My this man is changeable!

>>If anybody ascribes this to my slowness or inexperience, I shall not quarrel with him, provided they allow us slower ones the privilege of learning by meeting those who have received the gift of God in fuller measure, especially since Luther attributes very little importance to scholarship, and most of all to the Spirit, who is wont to instill into the more humble what he denies to the wise.

Ah yes, such masterful avoidance of recrimination as befits a humanist, a Christian man; indeed, to reach the highest level, a gentleman and a scholar.

>> if I grant to Luther in this Disputation that he be not weighed down by the prejudgments of doctors, councils, universities, popes, and of the emperor,

There he goes again. Timid and not-made-for-fighting Erasmus, piteous Erasmus, trembling before big bad Martin Luther while reminding everyone watching that he speaks for doctors and councils and universities and popes and the emperor.

So which is it, Erasmus? Are you weak or powerful? Is Luther a bully or a gnat? Why can't you make up your mind? You flit back and forth as if we, your humble readers, can remember from one moment to the next whether you are oppressed or the oppressor? Bullied or the bully? Timid or firm?

>>I would willingly persuade the man in the street that in this kind of discussion it is better not to enforce contentions which may the sooner harm Christian concord than advance true religion.

Oh yes, the eminent scholar, Erasmus, is the defender of Christian concord while Rome sells salvation in order to pay for Michelangelo painting the Sistine Chapel. The religious masters across all Europe are claiming to sell salvation, thereby leading the masses to Hell, and Erasmus believes it's time to avoid contentions and work hard to protect this whole state of affairs he has the audacity to label, "Christian concord" and the advancement of true religion.

And John Callaghan is so blinded as to think this excerpt will commend both Erasmus and the Whore of Babylon to Baylyblog readers.

Boggles my mind. Erasmus may well be the perfect example of crying "peace, peace" when there was no peace.

Love,

TB

Thanks for the point-by-point illumination. When I encounter veiled barbs like Erasmus's, I generally don't recognize them as barbs, and I instinctively react with a false shame that doesn't bring glory to God or help anybody. This illumination is helpful.

An additional bit of backstory is that Erasmus was himself a critic of the Roman church and a scholar looking behind the official Latin Vulgate into the original manuscripts. He himself had reason to worry about Rome's attitude. That means he faced the temptation, to which he seems to have succumbed, to take the attitude of "Well, maybe I'm not as pro-Rome as you might like, but, hey, at least I'm not as bad at Luther and I'll help you criticize him."

That's a tricky temptation for all of us nowadays. We're fighting the World, but we'd like it to like us, so we jump on the chance to criticize someone else who is fighting the World when that person does it the wrong way. We can feel good that we're fighting for truth, but our real motivation is that we can fight for truth on the side of the World in this particular case.

>>> We're fighting the World, but we'd like it to like us, so we jump on the chance to criticize someone else who is fighting the World when that person does it the wrong way.

Thank you for saying this. I have done this.

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